套袋对陇东黄土高原富士苹果果皮特征及品质的影响

以“长富2号”苹果为试验材料，进行套袋处理，以不套袋为对照，系统定量研究套袋栽培对苹果果皮特征、果实外观及内在品质的影响。结果表明，苹果套袋后,果实角质膜明显变薄。表皮细胞的大小及排列方式、机械组织细胞的大小及排列方式均发生一定程度的变化。套袋处理显著提高了果实的外观品质，减少虫果率，但加重了日灼现象，同时对果实的内在品质有一定的负效应。与对照相比,套袋果实的硬度、可溶性固固形物和可滴定酸含量均有一定程度的下降,降幅分别达6.55%、8.71%、10.34%。     

密集烘烤后期不同风机转速对烤后烟叶内在品质的影响

为探索当前密集烘烤过程里循环风机不同转速对烤后烟叶内在品质的影响,分析烘烤后期循环风机转速与烟叶香吃味之间的关系,试验以烟草品种南江3号中部叶为材料,研究了干筋期烟叶烘烤循环风机转速对烤后烟叶主要化学成分协调性和评吸质量的影响.结果表明,烘烤开始至52℃范围内风机转速采用1 450 r/min、52～60℃范围内风机转速采用960 r/min、60～65℃至烘烤结束风机转速采用720r/min进行通风,可以提高烤后烟叶内在品质,促进化学成分协调性,有利于石油醚提取物含量的积累,能够明显改善烤后烟叶的香吃味.     

Effects of Soil Characters on the Tea Quality in the Tea Region of Qin-Ba Mountain,Hubei Province,PR China

Based on the analysis of physical and chemical properties of soil,nutrient elements and biochemical compositions of tea leaves,the relationship between soil characters and tea quality was studied.The results showed that soil total phosphorus,potassium,available potassium,copper and zinc were the main factors which affected and limited the content of nutrient elements of tea leaves.Furthermore,soil pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,potassium,exchangeable calcium,magnesium,available copper and zinc were the main factors affecting and limiting the content of biochemical compositions in tea leaves.Tea quality could be improved by controlling these soil factors.     

24个澳洲坚果品种在广西合山市的早期表现

为筛选出适合广西合山市种植的澳洲坚果品种，在该市建立试验基地，对24个澳洲坚果品种的花穗长度、小花数量、小花座果率、小花成果率和产量等性状进行观察分析。结果表明，Own choice、I-9、900#、695#、788#和II-14等6个品种(系)的性状好，产量较高，可作为合山市早期种植的澳洲坚果首选品种。     

非洲淡水鳉鱼的生存要素及日常管理研究——以贡氏假腮鳉为例

[目的]探讨非洲淡水鳉鱼的生存要素和日常管理。[方法]以贡氏假腮鳉为例,从水质、水温、光照和日常管理等方面来探讨贡氏假腮鳉的生存要素和日常管理。[结果]贡氏假鳃鳉幼鱼对水质和水温的要求很高。若水温过低,幼鱼的生病几率会大大增加,还可能出现畸变情况。另外,光照对成鱼的色彩也有很大影响。[结论]在贡氏假鳃鳉的日常饲养中,水中的溶氧量一般保持在6 mg/L以上。     

桉树木材旋切单板质量以及制造胶合板工艺的研究

对福建省主要桉树木材材性及其旋切单板厚度偏差、背面裂隙率进行检测分析,探讨木材旋切单板的适应性和制造胶合板的工艺并采用正交法优选最佳工艺参数。结果表明:尾叶桉单板背面裂隙率和单板厚度变动系数比尾巨桉小,尾叶桉用于旋切1.5 mm厚度单板质量较佳。尾叶桉木材制造胶合板较佳工艺参数:热压温度为130℃、单位压力为1.4 MPa、热压时间为1.35 min·mm-1、涂胶量为320 g·m-2。工艺条件对板材性能均有影响,桉树木材龄级对板材性能影响显著,随着桉树龄级的增大,板材性能有较大幅度提高,特别是静曲强度、弹性模量影响最为明显。     

Tree identity surpasses tree diversity in affecting the community structure of oribatid mites (Oribatida) of deciduous temperate forests

The role of tree diversity and identity as determinants of soil animal community structure is little understood. In a mature deciduous forest dominated by beech we identified clusters of one, two and three tree species of beech, ash and lime allowing to investigate the role of tree species diversity and identity on the density and community structure of oribatid mites. To relate oribatid mite community structure to environmental factors we measured leaf litter input, fine root biomass, mass of organic layers, topsoil pH and C and N content. We expected oribatid mite density to increase with increasing tree diversity, but we expected the effects of tree species identity to override effects of tree diversity. Further, we hypothesized the density of oribatid mites to be reduced by the presence of beech but increased by the presence of lime and ash. As expected tree diversity little affected oribatid mite communities, whereas tree species identity strongly altered density and community structure of oribatid mites. However, in contrast to our expectations the density of oribatid mites was highest in presence of beech indicating that many oribatid mite species benefit from the presence of recalcitrant litter forming thick organic layers. Especially Oppioidea benefited from the presence of beech presumably due to an increased availability of food resources such as fungi and nematodes. Lower density of oribatid mites in monospecific clusters of lime and ash suggests that oribatid mites did not benefit from high quality litter of these species. Notably, large and strongly sclerotized oribatid mite species, such as Steganacarus magnus and Chamobates voigtsi, benefited from the presence of ash and lime. Presumably, these large species better resist harsh microclimatic conditions in shallow organic layers.     

杉木耐瘠薄速生优树子代测定及早期选择

在福建省洋口国有林场,对7年生的杉木耐瘠薄速生优树半同胞子代测定林进行调查和分析测定。参试的各家系间树高、胸径和材积生长量均差异极显著,说明在家系水平上存在明显的分化;从参试的18个家系中选择出23号等5个在瘠薄立地条件下生长表现优良的家系,树高、胸径和材积平均值分别达7.67 m、10.88 cm和0.043 6 m3,与第2代种子园子代相比,其材积现实增益达21.11%,通过这种后向选择所选出的耐瘠薄速生优良家系具有明显的生长优势和耐瘠薄性,可以作为杉木第3代建园材料的补充。